Hop: Whenever a packet is passed between a router, this is referred to as a “hop.” For example, in the output above, we can see that it takes 14 hops to reach How-To Geek’s servers from my current location.The first line represents your home router (assuming you’re behind a router), the next lines represent your ISP, and each line further down represents a router that’s further away. For example, below you can see the packets travelling to in China. The first “hops” are the same as the traffic reaches your ISP, while the later hops are different as the packets go elsewhere. If you run a traceroute for another website – particularly one hosted in a different region of the world – you’d see how the paths differ. You’ll gradually see the route take form as your computer receives responses from the routers along the way. (On Mac or Linux, run traceroute instead.) For example, if you wanted to run a traceroute on How-To Geek, you’d run the command: To run a traceroute, run the tracert command followed by the address of a website. On Windows, press the Windows key, type Command Prompt, and press Enter to launch one. Traceroute is run from a command prompt or terminal window. By sending packets in this manner, traceroute ensures that each router in the path will discard a packet and send a response. When it reaches 0, the packet is discarded and the router returns an error message. Each time a packet is passed to a new router, the TTL is decreased by 1. In more technical terms, traceroute sends a sequence of packets using the ICMP protocol (the same protocol used for the ping command.) The first packet has a time-to-live (also known as TTL, or hop limit) of 1, the second packet has a TTL of 2, and so on. We’ve used traceroute to explain – and demonstrate - who provides the Internet service for your Internet service provider. Traceroute would show you where that problem is. If you’re having issues reaching a website and that website is working properly, it’s possible there’s a problem somewhere on the path between your computer and the website’s servers. It also displays the delays that occur at each stop. Traceroute shows us the path traffic takes to reach the website.
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January 2023
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